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1. Hypochlorous acid is a free chlorine molecule with the chemical structure HOCl. It is the dominate free chlorine species in chlorine solutions that have a slightly acidic to neutral pH. HOCl is a much more powerful oxidant than sodium hypochlorite (or chlorine bleach).
2. Hypochlorous acid is produced naturally by the white blood cells of all mammals. It is used by white blood cells to kill invading microbial pathogens
3. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a neutrally charged molecule. Bacteria have negatively charged cell walls. Just like magnets, molecules with the same charge will repel each other. For example, the negatively charged molecule of bleach (OCl-) is repelled by bacterial cell walls. This is not the case with HOCl which is neutrally charged. HOCl easily penetrates bacterial cell walls. HOCl either oxidizes the cell walls killing the bacteria or enters through the cell walls and destroys the vital components inside the bacteria.
4. Chlorine is an extremely effective disinfectant for inactivating bacteria. A study conducted during the 1940s investigated the inactivation levels as a function of time for E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella dysenteriae (Butterfield et al., 1943). Study results indicated that HOCl is more effective than OCl- (aka. chlorine bleach) for inactivation of these bacteria. These results have been confirmed by several researchers that concluded that HOCl is 70 to 80 times more effective than OCl- for inactivating bacteria (Culp/Wesner/Culp, 1986). Since 1986, there have been hundreds of publications confirming the superiority of HOCl over OCl- (click here to visit research database). HOCl may be more effective than OCl- for two reasons, this first is because it holds a neutral charge and therefore can easily penetrate the negatively charged cell walls of bacteria. The second reason is because HOCl has a much higher oxidation potential than OCl-.
5. Hypochlorous is a powerful oxidant and is 100 times more efficient at killing microbial pathogens than sodium hypochlorite (aka. chlorine bleach).
The artistry of Sarena Bhargava may be found among various means, from beautifully curated collections to galleries to industrial artwork and the movie screen. First-generation American-Indian, Sarena is a master of sculpture, welding, painting, and woodwork as shown below, holding a Master of Fine Arts from Cranbrook Academy of Arts.
Sarena has commissioned sculpture work housed within the permanent collection of Cal State Fullerton (her baccalaureate alma mater). Sarena has also collaborated with Disneyland Tokyo, Disneyland (Anaheim, CA, USA) and Universal Studios Hollywood on industrial artwork.
Sarena’s sculpture work and artistic credits within the movie industry span two decades. You may learn more about Sarena’s filmography at the International Movie Database (IMBd) by clicking here.
In recent years, woodturning has become an artistic craving for Sarena’s creative expression, allowing her to explore the organic splendor and diverse energy of wood. Each piece has a story to share and is transformed into a distinctively inspired expression of beauty and function.
